Turkish Van

Breed Overview

Introduction

The Turkish Van, often affectionately termed “The Swimming Cat,” stands as a truly remarkable and distinctive feline breed.

Originating from the ancient and climatically varied region around Lake Van in Turkey, this breed is celebrated not only for its striking appearance but also for a trait highly unusual among felines: a genuine fondness for water.

Unlike many cat breeds that might tolerate a quick bath, the Turkish Van actively seeks out water for play, whether it’s splashing in a sink, investigating a dripping faucet, or even joining their human companions in the bathtub.

This behavior is supported by their uncommonly water-repellent, cashmere-like coat, which lacks a dense undercoat, allowing it to dry quickly.

This adaptation is not merely a charming quirk; it is a fundamental aspect of their being, likely honed by centuries of interaction with the aquatic environment of their native region, possibly for hunting or cooling during hot summers.

This deep connection to water fundamentally shapes their physical attributes, their playful demeanor, and even specific aspects of their care requirements.  

Beyond their aquatic inclinations, Turkish Vans are renowned for their “dog-like” qualities, including their loyalty, trainability, and desire to be involved in household activities.

They form strong bonds with their families, exhibiting a highly interactive and communicative nature.

Breed History

The history of the Turkish Van is deeply intertwined with the ancient landscapes of Eastern Turkey, specifically the Lake Van region, from which the breed derives its name.

This is considered a natural breed, meaning its development occurred spontaneously over hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years, shaped by the unique environmental conditions of its mountainous homeland.

The harsh, climatically varied region fostered the development of traits essential for survival, such as their distinctive coat that adapts to both cold winters and hot summers.  

While the breed’s origins are ancient, its formal recognition and standardization largely occurred in the United Kingdom.

The first Turkish Vans were brought to England in 1955 by two British women, Laura Lushington and Sonia Halliday, who were captivated by these cats during a trip to Turkey. Lushington began a breeding program, importing more cats from Turkey to establish the bloodline.

Initially referred to simply as “Turkish cats,” their name was later changed to “Turkish Van” to prevent confusion with the already established Turkish Angora breed, which, despite sharing a country of origin, is distinctly different in type and physical characteristics.  

The Turkish Van gained full pedigree status from the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in 1969. Its introduction to the United States followed in 1982, and it was subsequently recognized by major cat associations, including The International Cat Association (TICA) in 1979 and the Cat Fanciers Association (CFA) in 1994.

Despite its growing recognition in the West, the Turkish Van remains a relatively rare breed, particularly in America, where demand often exceeds supply.

This rarity is partly due to the breed’s protected status in its native Turkey, where the government has implemented breeding programs to preserve its bloodline, limiting exports to other countries.

This dual history—natural evolution in Turkey and formal standardization in the UK—has resulted in a robust breed with a defined aesthetic and behavioral standard, making it a unique and sought-after companion.  

Physical Characteristics

The Turkish Van is immediately recognizable by its striking appearance, characterized by a large, muscular build and a distinctive coat pattern.

These cats are considered one of the larger domestic breeds. They are slow to mature, often taking three to five years to reach their full size and robust muscular development.

This extended growth period means that kittens and young adults will maintain their energetic, playful nature for a longer time, requiring consistent nutritional support for their ongoing development.  

The most iconic feature of the Turkish Van is its “Van pattern,” where colored markings are confined primarily to the head and tail, contrasting sharply with a glistening, chalk-white body.

This pattern is a result of the piebald white spotting gene, which causes a partial absence of pigment cells, leading to the distinct white areas.

While the classic color combination is red tabby and white, the markings can appear in various shades, including red, cream, black, blue, different tabby patterns, tortoiseshell, and dilute tortoiseshell (blue-cream).

Occasionally, one or more random colored markings may appear on the body, provided they cover no more than 15% of the total body area.

Their semi-long coat has a luxurious, cashmere-like or rabbit fur texture, feeling remarkably soft to the touch. Notably, the Turkish Van possesses only a single coat with no evident undercoat, which contributes to its sleek appearance and water-repellent qualities.

This coat adapts seasonally; it becomes thick and long in winter for insulation and sheds to a shorter, lighter form in summer to help them cope with warmer temperatures.

The tail, however, remains long and full, resembling a brush, regardless of the season.  

Behavior and Personality

The Turkish Van is celebrated for a personality that is as unique and vibrant as its appearance, often drawing comparisons to dogs due to its distinctive behavioral traits.

These cats are highly intelligent, energetic, and remarkably playful, maintaining their zest for life well into their senior years.

Their intelligence makes them adept problem-solvers, capable of opening cupboards or even turning on faucets, which can lead to mischievous antics if their minds are not adequately stimulated.  

One of the most striking aspects of their temperament is their “dog-like” nature. They are known for playing fetch, learning tricks, and can even be leash-trained, thriving on interactive play sessions with their human companions.

This active engagement is crucial, as their high energy levels demand a lot of exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and potential destructive behaviors.

Unlike many cat breeds that might spend up to 17 hours a day sleeping, Turkish Vans are known to sleep significantly less, always ready for the next adventure.

They crave physical closeness and will often curl up next to their owners on the couch or even crawl into a lap during quiet moments.

However, they are generally not “lap cats” in the traditional sense and typically dislike being held or carried. This preference for “four feet on a solid surface” is a crucial distinction for potential owners to understand, especially those with young children who might inadvertently overstimulate them or fail to respect their boundaries.

Their affection is expressed through companionship and proximity, following their favorite people from room to room, wanting to be involved in daily activities.  

Turkish Vans are social creatures, generally getting along well with other cats, particularly outgoing ones, and dog-friendly dogs if properly introduced. They can sometimes assert themselves as the “alpha cat” in multi-cat households.

They are also quite vocal, communicating with a range of sounds, though their voices are often described as quiet, sometimes even resembling a sheep’s bleat. Their fearless and curious nature means they love to climb and perch in high places, observing their environment from above.

This combination of intelligence, high energy, and a unique expression of affection makes the Turkish Van a dynamic and rewarding companion for those prepared to meet their specific needs.

Care Guide

Diet

Given their large, muscular build and high activity levels, Turkish Vans require a high-quality, protein-rich diet to maintain their strength and overall health.

As obligate carnivores, their diet should consist primarily of meat, with a balanced inclusion of good fats like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Regular monitoring of their ribs and waistline can help ensure they maintain an ideal body condition. Due to their slow maturation, which can extend up to five years, their diet needs to be carefully managed throughout this prolonged growth phase.  

Exercise

Turkish Vans are inherently energetic and athletic cats, demanding a significant amount of exercise and mental stimulation daily. Their natural hunting instincts and intelligence necessitate regular, interactive play sessions to keep their minds and bodies active.

Without sufficient engagement, these clever felines can become bored, leading to destructive behaviors. Owners should provide a variety of interactive toys, such as feather wands, laser pointers, and puzzle toys, to unleash their innate hunter instincts and provide countless hours of amusement.

Their dog-like traits mean they often enjoy games of fetch and can even be trained to walk on a leash, offering additional avenues for physical activity.

Environment & Enrichment

Creating a stimulating home environment is paramount for a Turkish Van’s happiness. Their love for climbing and high vantage points means that cat trees, wall-mounted shelves, and other vertical spaces are not just luxuries but necessities.

Owners should ensure valuable or breakable items are stored out of reach, as their fearlessness and athleticism can lead them into mischief.  

Their unique affinity for water also requires consideration. While supervised water play in a sink or bathtub can be a source of great joy and enrichment, owners must be mindful of their mischievous tendencies, such as dropping items into or repeatedly flushing toilets.

Keeping bathroom doors closed can help manage this curiosity.

For those who can provide it, safe and enclosed outdoor access, such as a “catio” or supervised leash walks, can greatly enhance their mental and physical well-being, allowing them to explore and channel their natural curiosity in a secure setting.

Grooming

Despite their semi-long hair, the Turkish Van’s coat is surprisingly low-maintenance due to its single-layer construction and absence of an undercoat.

This characteristic makes their coat less prone to tangling and matting compared to many other long-haired breeds. A weekly brushing with a steel comb or soft slicker brush is generally sufficient to remove loose hairs and maintain its healthy, cashmere-like shine.

During seasonal shedding periods, particularly in spring and fall when they transition between their winter and summer coats, more frequent brushing may be beneficial.

Bathing is rarely necessary unless the cat is being prepared for a show, given their meticulous self-grooming habits.  

Turkish Vans can be susceptible to serious dental problems, including tartar buildup, bad breath, and gum disease. Brushing their teeth at least three times a week is highly recommended, complemented by regular veterinary dental check-ups to prevent these issues.

Mental Stimulation

The Turkish Van’s high intelligence and energetic nature necessitate consistent mental stimulation to ensure their well-being and prevent behavioral issues. These cats are not content to simply lounge; they thrive on interaction and intellectual challenges.

Owners should engage them with a variety of puzzle toys that require problem-solving to dispense treats, mimicking their natural hunting behaviors. Interactive games like fetch, where they can retrieve tossed toys, are highly favored and tap into their dog-like play drive.

It is important to recognize that Turkish Vans are highly social and can become bored or lonely if left alone for extended periods. This boredom can manifest as excessive vocalization or destructive exploration.

Therefore, providing consistent companionship, a stimulating environment with ample climbing opportunities, and dedicated playtime is essential to keep their minds active and prevent undesirable behaviors.

Their physical sharpness and mental alertness remain strong well into their senior years, meaning the need for mental stimulation is a lifelong commitment for Turkish Van owners.

Health Concerns

Is This Breed Right for You?

FAQ

Are Turkish Vans good with children?

Turkish Vans can be good with children, especially older, respectful ones who understand their boundaries. They are affectionate and playful, but generally dislike being held or smothered. It is crucial to teach children how to interact gently with them to foster a positive relationship.  

Do Turkish Vans get along with other pets?

Yes, Turkish Vans are typically social and can get along well with other cats, particularly outgoing ones, and dog-friendly dogs if introduced properly and patiently. They can sometimes be the “alpha cat” in multi-cat households.  

Are Turkish Vans vocal?

Yes, Turkish Vans are quite vocal and enjoy communicating with their owners. However, their voices are generally quiet, sometimes even described as sounding like a sheep.  

Are Turkish Vans hypoallergenic?

No, Turkish Vans are not considered hypoallergenic. Despite their single-layer coat, they still produce dander and shed, which can trigger allergies.  

Can Turkish Vans be left alone?

Turkish Vans can handle being left alone for short periods, but they are highly social cats who thrive on interaction and companionship. If left alone for too long, they can become bored or lonely, potentially leading to excessive meowing or destructive behaviors. Providing plenty of enrichment, such as puzzle toys and scratching posts, can help keep them content while you are away. Having another pet they get along with can also provide companionship.  

Do Turkish Vans like water?

Yes, Turkish Vans are famously known for their love of water, earning them the nickname “Swimming Cat”. Many enjoy playing with running water, dipping their toys in water bowls, and some will even swim. This unique trait is a defining characteristic of the breed.  

Are Turkish Vans good hunters?

Yes, Turkish Vans are particularly good hunters. This skill likely developed from their ancient, natural origins in rugged terrain, honing their sharp instincts and agility. They possess a strong prey drive and are adept at catching anything that piques their interest.  

Are Turkish Vans good indoor cats?

Yes, Turkish Vans can be excellent indoor cats, provided their significant needs for enrichment, play, exercise, and companionship are met. They benefit greatly from cat trees, perches, and high-up walkways to support their athletic nature. Safe outdoor access, such as a catio or supervised leash walks, can also support their mental and physical well-being.  

Bonus Facts

The Turkish Van is a breed steeped in history and unique characteristics, offering several fascinating insights:

The “Thumbprint of Allah”

Some Turkish Vans possess a small, distinctive colored mark, often red, located between their shoulder blades. According to local legends, this mark is believed to be the “thumbprint of God” or “Allah,” a divine touch that blessed the cat. This cultural belief underscores the breed’s revered status in its native land.  

Noah’s Ark Legend

An enduring legend suggests that ancestors of the Turkish Van were passengers on Noah’s Ark. Upon the ark’s landing on Mount Ararat in Eastern Turkey, these cats reportedly swam ashore to dry land. The divine touch that blessed them is said to have caused their white coats to develop the signature colored markings on their heads and tails. This mythical origin highlights the breed’s ancient lineage and its deep connection to the Lake Van region.  

Protected National Treasure

In its native Turkey, the Turkish Van is considered a national treasure and a symbol of good luck. Recognizing its rarity and cultural significance, the Turkish government has officially protected the breed and established breeding programs at local universities to expand its bloodline. This protective measure significantly limits the export of purebred Turkish Vans, contributing to their rarity outside of Turkey.  

Distinct from Turkish Angora

The Turkish Van is often confused with the Turkish Angora, another breed from Turkey. However, they are distinctly different breeds. Vans are generally larger, more robust, and possess a different body type and coat texture compared to the more slender and refined Angora. Their unique “Van pattern” also sets them apart, as Angoras come in a wider variety of colors and patterns without the specific head-and-tail color restriction.  

Remarkable Dexterity

Beyond their intelligence, Turkish Vans are noted for their remarkable dexterity. They are known to be capable of manipulating objects, such as opening doors and even turning on sink faucets, further demonstrating their problem-solving abilities and curious nature.  

Unusual Vocalization

While vocal, the Turkish Van’s voice is often described as quiet and distinct, with some likening its sound to that of a sheep. This unique vocal characteristic adds another layer to their charming personality.  

Less Sleep Than Average Cats

Unlike most domestic cats that typically sleep up to 17 hours a day, Turkish Vans are known to sleep significantly less. Their high energy and constant alertness mean they are often “on” and ready for interaction, contributing to their reputation as active and engaging companions.  

The Alpha Cat

In multi-cat households, the Turkish Van often tends to be the “alpha cat”. Their fearless and assertive nature allows them to establish dominance, which is an important consideration when introducing them to other feline companions.  

References

Pond, Grace, ed. (1972). The Complete Cat Encyclopedia. London: Walter Parrish Intl. ISBN 0-517-50140-6. This tertiary source reuses information from other sources but does not name them.

“Turkish Van Cats”. Retrieved 8 April 2014. This tertiary source reuses information from other sources but does not name them. This source, in some places, conflates the Turkish Van breed and the Van cat landrace.

Vella, Carolyn; Shelton, Lorraine; McGonagle, John; Stanglein, Terry (1999), Robinson’s Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians (4th ed.), Oxford: Butterworth Heineman, p. 253, ISBN 0-7506-4069-3

Lushington, Laura (1963), “The Swimming Cats”, Animals, 1 (17): 24–27, archived from the original on 2 August 2014, My photographer and I were given special permits visit Van by air, for two days and two nights (…) Now at least I have been to Van, in Eastern Turkey, and seen with my own eyes the ancient city of Van and the glorious Lake Van

“Recognized and Admitted Breeds in the WCF”. WCF-Online.de. Essen, Germany: World Cat Federation. 2009. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

“Turkish Van”. PetMD.com. Retrieved 17 July 2021.

Rex, Abyssinian and Turkish Cats, by Alison Ashford and Grace Pond, ISBN 0-668-03356-8

Turkish Van Cat Club, Van Cat Chat, No. 5, Winter 1985/1986

“Turkish Van”. TICA.org. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

Mikkola, Salla (4 June 2021). “Reliability and Validity of Seven Feline Behavior and Personality Traits”. Animals. 11 (7): 7. doi:10.3390/ani11071991. PMC 8300181. PMID 34359119.

“Turkish Van”. Daily Paws. Retrieved 17 July 2021.

Hart, Robert (2010). Hart’s Original Petpourri. Vol. 1. Langdon Street Press. p. 4. ISBN 9781934938621. Hart cites a Cat Fancy magazine article as his source.