Table of Contents
Quick Answer: What human foods can cats eat?
Safe (best choices, plain & cooked):
Cooked, unseasoned meat (chicken, turkey, beef, lamb)
Cooked eggs (scrambled/boiled, no butter/oil/salt)
Cooked fish in small amounts (salmon; tuna in water as an occasional treat)
Limit (not toxic, but easy to overdo):
Dairy (many cats get diarrhea)
Tuna (human canned) (treat only, not daily)
Organ meats (very rich—tiny amounts only)
Never (toxic / dangerous):
Onion / garlic / chives / leeks (including powders)
Chocolate / caffeine
Alcohol / raw yeast dough
Human medications (never)
The simple rule:
No seasoning. No sauces. No bones. Tiny pieces. Treats (including human foods) should be ≤10% of daily calories.
Safe vs. Limit vs. Never: human foods for cats
| Category | Examples | One-line rule |
|---|---|---|
| Safe (best treats) | Plain cooked chicken/turkey/beef, cooked eggs, cooked salmon | Cooked, plain, boneless, tiny pieces |
| Limit (rare treats) | Cheese/milk, tuna, organ meat, fatty meats | Only tiny tastes, infrequent |
| Never (toxic/dangerous) | Onion/garlic, chocolate/caffeine, alcohol/yeast dough, meds | Keep out of reach; call vet if eaten |
3 safety rules:
Plain only: no salt, butter, oil, spices, onion/garlic, sauces
Tiny portions: start fingertip-sized
One new food at a time: watch stool/vomiting/itching
If your cat ate something toxic — do this now
Do this:
Remove access + keep packaging
Note what, how much, when, and your cat’s weight
Call your vet or a pet poison hotline immediately
Don’t try home remedies unless a vet instructs you
Short disclaimer: “Fees may apply. If your cat is collapsing, seizing, or struggling to breathe, seek emergency care immediately.”
If you’ve ever caught your cat staring at your dinner and wondered, “What can cats eat?”, you’re not alone. As cat parents, we want to share our food and treats—but we also don’t want to accidentally make our cats sick.
Cats are obligate carnivores with unique nutritional needs. Their bodies process food very differently from ours, which means some human foods are safe, some should only be given in tiny amounts, and others are completely off-limits.
In this guide, we’ll walk through which human foods cats can and can’t eat, how much is safe, and simple rules so you can share snacks confidently.
List of Human Foods Cats Can Safely Eat (with portions & prep)
When cat parents ask “what can cats eat?”, they usually mean “which human foods are safe as treats?” Your cat’s main diet should still be a complete and balanced cat food, because it’s formulated to meet feline nutrient requirements.
Cats are obligate carnivores, so the “best” human foods (when used as treats) are usually plain animal proteins—with small, optional tastes of certain fruits/vegetables.
How to use this list (bookmark these rules)
Treat limit: Keep all treats (including human food) to <10% of daily calories so you don’t unbalance the diet or promote weight gain.
Plain only: No oil, butter, salt, sugar, sauces, spicy seasonings, or “flavor powders.”
Never season with onion/garlic: Allium ingredients can damage red blood cells in cats.
Cook animal foods: Veterinary organizations discourage raw/undercooked animal-source proteins due to pathogen risk (to pets and people).
Start tiny: Introduce one new food at a time in pea-sized pieces; stop if you see vomiting/diarrhea/itchiness.
Quick portion guide (simple + realistic)
For most adult cats, a “human food treat” is 1–2 teaspoons total (or a few pea-sized bites). If your cat is small, overweight, or has a medical condition, go smaller and ask your vet for a personalized limit.
Examples of Safe Human Foods for Cats (prep + portions)
| Food | How to serve (safe prep) | Typical treat amount | Notes / when to skip |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lean cooked meats (chicken, turkey, beef, lamb) | Cook thoroughly; no skin, bones, or seasoning. Shred or dice small. | 1–2 tsp (or 3–6 pea-sized bites) | Best “treat” choice because it matches cats’ carnivore needs. |
| Cooked fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel; tuna only occasionally) | Cook + debone; no salt/oil/spices. Flake into tiny bits. | ~1 tsp, 1–3×/week | Fish is tasty, but don’t let it become a staple. Cornell notes some cats eating canned fish products meant for humans developed serious neurologic issues—so keep it occasional and plain. |
| Fully cooked eggs | Scrambled/boiled plain (no butter/oil/salt). Cool, then chop tiny. | ~1 tsp, 1–2×/week | Cook eggs fully to reduce foodborne illness risk (raw eggs can carry Salmonella). |
| Certain fruits (tiny tastes) | Wash; remove peels/rinds, seeds, pits. Cut very small. | 1–2 tiny cubes, 1–2×/week | Fruit is optional and can upset digestion if overfed. PetMD lists apples, bananas, blueberries as examples that can be offered in moderation. |
| Vegetables (soft/cooked) | Steam/boil until soft; serve plain and cooled. | 1–2 tsp, a few times/week | Veggies are optional; use as tiny “toppers.” For pumpkin specifically, vets often suggest small amounts of plain canned pumpkin for diarrhea—dose depends on the cat, so check with your vet. |
| Plain grains (limited) (rice, oatmeal) | Fully cooked; no salt/butter. | ~1 tsp, occasional | Not nutritionally necessary for cats, but may be used as part of a short-term bland diet under guidance. |
Why “plain, cooked, and small” matters
Cats don’t need gourmet flavors. Seasonings—especially onion/garlic powders—are a common hidden risk in “people food.”
If you want to build a treat routine, rotate one simple protein your cat tolerates well, keep portions tiny, and let complete & balanced cat food remain the nutritional foundation.
Human Foods Cats Should Only Eat With Caution
Some human foods are not “poisonous,” but still not great for cats—they can trigger stomach upset, add a lot of calories quickly, or create nutrient imbalances if they become a habit. The safest approach is to treat these as rare extras, not routine snacks.
Quick caution rules (save this):
Keep all treats (including human foods) under 10% of daily calories. Many “small” portions of human food can blow the treat budget fast (for example, cheddar is very calorie-dense).
Plain only: no butter, oil, salt, sauces, seasoning mixes, onion/garlic powders, or sweeteners.
Start tiny and stop fast: offer a pea-sized taste first; discontinue if you notice diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, or discomfort.
Extra caution if your cat has a medical condition (GI disease, pancreatitis history, kidney disease, obesity, food allergies): ask your vet before offering new foods.
“Caution” Foods for Cats (Not Toxic, But Limit Greatly)
| Food item | Why use caution | If you offer it (safer way + portion) |
|---|---|---|
| Dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt) | Many adult cats are lactose intolerant, which can cause GI signs like diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, and discomfort. | If you choose to try dairy, use low-lactose options (a lick of plain yogurt, a tiny crumble of hard cheese, or lactose-free “cat milk”) and stop immediately if stool softens. |
| Canned tuna / human canned fish | Human canned fish is not nutritionally complete for cats, and Cornell notes that some cats eating canned fish products intended for humans developed serious neurologic disorders—so it should not become a “daily food.” Also, fish-heavy diets can contribute to vitamin E–related fat inflammation (steatitis / “yellow fat disease”) when antioxidant protection is inadequate. | Treat only: a teaspoon of tuna in water occasionally (not daily). Avoid oil-packed, seasoned, or high-sodium products. If your cat refuses normal food unless tuna is added, stop and reset habits (this can spiral into imbalance). |
| Liver & organ meats | Liver is extremely rich in vitamin A; feeding liver as a major portion of the diet (or frequently) can cause vitamin A toxicity over time. | Keep it truly occasional: a tiny cooked sliver (think “dime-sized”) and not every week for most cats—especially if your cat food already contains organ meats. |
| Raw meat or raw fish | Veterinary organizations discourage raw/undercooked animal proteins due to pathogen and parasite risk for pets and people; Cornell specifically notes raw meat can be a vehicle for toxoplasmosis and other infectious diseases. | If you’re considering raw feeding, do it only with veterinary nutrition guidance and strict hygiene. For most households, cooked is safer. |
| Bones (cooked or raw) | Bones can cause significant injury if chewed/ingested; WSAVA explicitly warns bones (cooked and raw) can be very dangerous for cats (damage/obstruction risk). | Best practice: don’t feed bones. Use vet-approved dental chews or toys instead. |
| Fat trimmings & very fatty meats (bacon, sausage, greasy scraps) | High-fat scraps commonly cause vomiting/diarrhea in pets; some resources also associate fatty trimmings with pancreatitis risk in pets. In cats, the direct high-fat → pancreatitis link is not clearly established, but many vets still recommend avoiding excessive fat, especially for cats with a pancreatitis history. | Choose lean, plain meat instead. If a cat steals a tiny greasy lick, monitor—but don’t make fatty scraps a treat habit. |
| Salt & salty snacks (chips, deli meat, jerky, salted nuts) | Excess sodium can lead to salt toxicosis (hypernatremia), especially if water intake is limited; it’s far safer not to intentionally feed salty foods. | Don’t offer as treats. If your cat gets a small taste, provide fresh water and avoid repeat exposure. |
| Peanut butter & nuts (non-toxic nuts) | Peanut butter is usually not poisonous, but it adds little/no nutritional value for cats and is calorie-dense; some products contain dangerous ingredients (including xylitol in certain formulations). Cats are not expected to react the same way as dogs to xylitol, and there are no reported cat cases to date, but you should still treat ingestion as a “call for advice” event because products may contain other harmful ingredients. | Only use xylitol-free peanut butter and only a pea-sized amount (typically as a pill-hiding tool). Avoid giving whole nuts (choking hazard). |
Call your vet if…
After any “caution” food, contact your vet (or an emergency clinic) if you notice repeated vomiting, severe diarrhea, weakness/lethargy, tremors, wobbliness, abdominal pain, or your cat won’t eat normally.
Human Foods Cats Should Never Eat (Toxic & Dangerous)
Some human foods are dangerous to cats even in small amounts, and many “accidental poisonings” happen because these ingredients hide in seasonings, sauces, baked goods, or medicine cabinets. The safest rule: if you’re not 100% sure it’s cat-safe, don’t offer it.
Quick “Never Feed” Checklist (copy/paste friendly)
Never feed cats: onion/garlic (all forms), chocolate/caffeine, alcohol, raw yeast dough, human pain meds (acetaminophen/ibuprofen), salty foods in large amounts, wild mushrooms, and grapes/raisins (avoid—no safe amount).
Absolutely Forbidden Foods for Cats (with “where it hides”)
| Food / toxin | Why it’s dangerous (plain English) | Often hidden in… |
|---|---|---|
| Onion, garlic, chives, leeks (Allium family) | Can damage red blood cells and trigger hemolytic anemia. All forms count: raw, cooked, dehydrated, powdered. Even relatively small exposures have caused significant blood changes in cats. | Seasoning blends, soups, broths, gravy, deli meats, baby food, “onion/garlic powder” labels |
| Chocolate + coffee + caffeine | Contains methylxanthines (theobromine, caffeine) that can cause GI upset, abnormal heart rhythm, tremors, seizures, and worse. | Chocolate desserts, cocoa powder, coffee grounds, energy drinks, caffeine pills |
| Alcohol | Rapid absorption can cause CNS depression, low blood sugar, low body temperature, breathing problems, seizures, coma. | Beer/wine/liquor, cocktails, “boozy” desserts, some extracts, fermenting fruit |
| Raw yeast dough (bread / pizza dough) | Dough can expand in the stomach (bloat/obstruction risk) and yeast fermentation produces ethanol (alcohol). | Pizza dough, dinner rolls, homemade bread dough |
| Human medications (especially acetaminophen, ibuprofen) | Acetaminophen can cause methemoglobinemia + liver injury in cats; ibuprofen has a narrow safety margin and can cause severe toxicity. Never “dose” a cat with human meds. | Pill organizers, purses, countertops, dropped tablets |
| Very salty foods / salt ingestion | Large salt exposure can cause hypernatremia (salt toxicosis) with vomiting and neurological signs; risk worsens if water intake is limited. | Chips, salty meats, brined foods, homemade play dough, de-icing salts |
| Wild or unidentified mushrooms | Some species contain toxins that can cause liver failure, neurologic signs, or death; identification is hard, so treat unknown mushrooms as dangerous. | Yard mushrooms, compost, forest walks, houseplants/terrariums |
| Grapes, raisins, currants | The toxin is unknown and there is no established safe amount. Evidence is strongest in dogs; in cats toxicity is less common/less documented, but reputable veterinary sources still recommend avoidance and urgent advice if eaten. | |
| Xylitol (sugar-free sweetener) | A major emergency toxin in dogs; in cats, confirmed cases haven’t been reported to major poison hotlines, but exposures still warrant urgent guidance (products may contain other risks and data in cats is limited). | Sugar-free gum/candy, baked goods, toothpaste, some peanut butters |
| Macadamia nuts | Well-documented toxicity in dogs; effects in cats are uncertain, but most poison-control style guidance says don’t feed (plus high fat + choking risk). | |
| Avocado (pit/skin/leaves; large amounts of flesh) | Dogs/cats are rarely affected by persin, but avocado can still cause GI upset, and the pit is a serious choking/obstruction hazard; safest approach is to avoid. |
Note for accuracy: Where evidence in cats is limited (e.g., xylitol/macadamia/grapes), the practical safety guidance is still “avoid + call for advice if ingested” because the risk is uncertain and outcomes can be serious.
What to Do If Your Cat Eats Dangerous Human Food
Even with the best intentions, accidents happen. A curious cat might lick chocolate off a plate, chew on a garlic clove, or jump on the counter and grab something they shouldn’t have.
If you think your cat has eaten any toxic human food (such as onion, garlic, grapes/raisins, chocolate, alcohol, xylitol, or human medication), here’s what to do:
1. Stay calm, but act quickly
Panicking makes it harder to think clearly. Take a breath and focus on the next steps.
2. Remove access to the food
Move your cat away from the spill or plate, and clean up any remaining food so they can’t eat more.
3. Identify what and how much your cat ate
Try to answer:
- What food or product was it?
- How much might they have eaten or licked?
- About how long ago did it happen?
- How much does your cat weigh, and do they have any health issues?
This information is very helpful for your vet or poison control.
4. Call your veterinarian or an animal poison control service immediately
Don’t wait for symptoms to appear. Some toxins take time to cause visible signs, and early treatment can protect organs like the liver and kidneys.
5. Do not try home remedies unless a vet tells you to
Avoid giving hydrogen peroxide, salt, or other “DIY” methods to make your cat vomit. Cats are sensitive to many substances, and the wrong home treatment can do more harm than good.
6. Monitor your cat closely
Watch for vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, wobbliness, tremors, changes in breathing, or unusual behavior. Even if they seem normal at first, continue to keep a close eye on them and follow your vet’s instructions.
If you ever feel unsure whether a food is dangerous or not, it’s always safer to call a vet and ask rather than wait and see. Quick action can literally save a cat’s life in a poisoning situation.
How Much Human Food Is Safe for Cats?
Even if a human food is technically safe, it should be an occasional treat, not a “second diet.” For long-term health, most calories should come from a complete and balanced cat food designed for your cat’s life stage.
Quick rule (bookmark this)
Treats (including human food) should be ≤10% of your cat’s daily calories. The other 90%+ should come from a complete and balanced cat food.
Practical takeaway: If you can’t estimate the calories, keep the portion tiny (think “one or two bites,” not a side dish).
Why human food can’t replace cat food
Cats are obligate carnivores—they rely on nutrients found in animal tissues and have specific requirements that “random human foods” don’t reliably cover.
A complete-and-balanced cat food is formulated to meet established nutrient standards (commonly via AAFCO nutrient profiles or AAFCO feeding trials—you’ll see this referenced in the nutritional adequacy statement on the label).
Some examples of nutrients that are easy to miss or imbalance when too many calories come from scraps:
Taurine (essential for cats; deficiency is linked with serious issues like retinal degeneration and cardiomyopathy).
Arachidonic acid (cats have an additional dietary requirement; it’s found in animal fats, not vegetable oils).
Vitamin/mineral balance (calcium–phosphorus balance is a classic problem when “extras” displace balanced food). Keeping the main diet “complete and balanced” is the safest default.
Bottom line: human foods can be fun treats, but they’re not designed to be nutritionally complete for cats.
The 10% treat rule (how to apply it in real life)
If you want a simple “treat budget,” use this method:
Estimate daily calories (optional but helpful).
Veterinary guidelines commonly start with RER (Resting Energy Requirement):
RER (kcal/day) = 70 × (ideal body weight in kg)^0.75Adjust for life stage to estimate daily needs (MER).
MER = RER × life stage factor. Example factors for cats: neutered adults 1.2–1.4, inactive/obesity-prone 1.0, weight loss 0.8.Set treat calories to ≤10% of that total.
Example (so you can sanity-check portions):
A cat with an ideal weight of 5 kg has an RER of about 234 kcal/day (estimate). Depending on activity/life stage, daily calories may be higher after multiplying by a factor (often ~1.2–1.4 for many neutered adults). Keep treats at ~10% of that.
Note: All calorie math is an estimate; your vet may recommend a different target based on body condition score and medical history.
How to offer human food safely (fast checklist)
When you share human food:
Keep it small and occasional (treat budget matters more than the specific food).
Offer one new item at a time and start with a tiny taste.
Stop if you see vomiting, diarrhea, itching, or appetite/energy changes, and talk to your vet—especially if your cat has chronic conditions or is on a prescription diet.
Treats should never replace a meal—every cat still needs complete and balanced nutrition.
Also remember: “Not toxic” doesn’t always mean “healthy.” High-calorie extras (bread, fatty meats, many snacks) can quietly push cats into weight gain.
Why the treat budget matters (obesity sneaks up)
Cat obesity is genuinely common in veterinary practice data. In a very large U.S. primary-care dataset (2020–2023), adult cats were frequently recorded as overweight and obese (with overweight notably common in adulthood).
That’s why “just a little bite” every day can add up fast—especially for indoor or low-activity cats.
Related: Can Cats Eat Specific Human Foods?
If you’ve landed here because your cat is staring at one particular food, these detailed guides may help:
Can cats eat cheese or other dairy?
Can cats eat watermelon, banana, or other fruits?
We’re gradually adding more “Can cats eat X?” guides for popular foods like bread, rice, shrimp, ham, potatoes, and more. Bookmark this page or check back any time you want to look up a specific food before sharing it with your cat.
Conclusion – Keeping Your Cat’s Treats Safe and Healthy
Cats may beg like they can eat anything—but their bodies have very different needs than ours. The safest approach is simple: keep your cat’s diet centered on a complete, balanced cat food, and treat human foods as occasional extras—not everyday nutrition.
Key takeaways (save/bookmark this)
Treats (including “people food”) should stay under ~10% of daily calories to help prevent nutritional imbalance and unwanted weight gain.
Choose plain, unseasoned options (especially cooked meat/eggs) and avoid any foods with onion/garlic, heavy salt, sauces, or sweeteners.
When in doubt, prioritize foods labeled “complete and balanced” (look for an AAFCO nutritional adequacy statement) so your cat reliably gets essential nutrients like taurine and preformed vitamin A.
If your cat has a health condition (kidney disease, pancreatitis, diabetes, allergies), ask your veterinarian before adding treats or changing foods.
A quick note on safety and vet guidance
This article is for general education and can’t replace personalized veterinary advice. If your cat eats a potentially toxic food or you’re unsure about an ingredient, contact your veterinarian or a pet poison hotline right away—early guidance can matter even before symptoms appear.
Join the SnuggleSouls community
Have a safe treat your cat loves (or a “learned it the hard way” story that could help another cat parent)? Share it with the SnuggleSouls community—your experience can make this guide more helpful for everyone, from first-time kitten parents to seasoned caregivers.
FAQ – Common “Can My Cat Eat…?”
Quick safety note: Treats (including human foods) should stay under ~10–15% of daily calories, and your cat’s main diet should be complete and balanced cat food.
Can cats eat dairy products like milk and cheese?
Usually not (especially milk). Many adult cats can’t digest lactose and may get diarrhea, vomiting, gas, or belly discomfort after cow’s/goat’s milk.
If you offer it anyway (optional treat):
Choose lactose-free “cat milk” or a tiny lick of low-lactose options (some cats tolerate small amounts better than milk).
Start with less than 1 teaspoon, once, and stop if you see loose stool or vomiting.
Better default: water + cat-formulated treats.
Is it safe to give cats raw meat or fish?
Not recommended for most homes. Raw meat/fish can carry bacteria (like Salmonella) and other pathogens that can affect pets and the humans handling food, bowls, or litter.
Safer option: offer fully cooked, plain, unseasoned meat/fish instead. If you’re considering a raw diet, do it only with vet-guided nutrition + strict food safety.
Can cats eat human tuna from a can?
Yes—occasionally, in small amounts. Use plain tuna in water (no oil, salt, flavorings), and treat it as an infrequent snack.
Why limit tuna:
Too much can contribute to problems like mercury exposure and diet-related issues (tuna isn’t a complete cat food).
Practical portion guide: about 1 teaspoon of flaked tuna as a treat, not a meal, and not daily.
My cat begs for food constantly. Is this normal?
Sometimes it’s habit or boredom—but sudden or extreme hunger deserves a vet check.
Call your vet soon if begging comes with:
Weight loss despite eating more (common in hyperthyroidism)
Increased thirst/urination + increased appetite (common in diabetes)
What’s the safest fruit to offer my cat as a treat?
Fruit is optional (cats don’t need it), but tiny bites of soft fruit can be used as a treat if your cat likes it—keep it within the overall treat limit.
Safer picks (tiny amounts): melon, banana, blueberries, or apple without seeds.
Avoid: grapes/raisins—these are on the “do not feed” list for pets.
Can I feed my cat from my plate?
Not recommended. Many human dishes contain ingredients that are unsafe for cats—especially onion/garlic/chives (including powders in sauces/seasonings), which can damage red blood cells and lead to anemia.
Safer alternative: set aside a small piece of plain, cooked, unseasoned meat before you season your food.
How do I introduce new foods to my cat?
Short answer: Slowly, one at a time.
Start with a fingertip-sized bite (or <1 tsp).
Offer only one new food in a 24–48 hour window.
Watch for diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, or belly discomfort, then stop that food if symptoms appear.
My cat hasn’t eaten in 24 hours—should I worry?
Yes—don’t wait long. Fatty liver disease (hepatic lipidosis) can begin developing after a few days of not eating, and guidance commonly recommends contacting a vet if your cat has gone more than a day or two without food—especially if overweight.
Call your vet the same day if:
your cat is overweight, lethargic, vomiting, or hiding
a kitten/senior cat refuses food
there’s rapid weight loss or yellow gums/eyes (jaundice)
References
References
AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials). (n.d.). Reading labels: How to understand a pet food label (nutritional adequacy statement; “complete and balanced”).
AAHA (American Animal Hospital Association). (n.d.). Calculating a pet’s caloric intake for weight management (RER/MER).
ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). (n.d.). Animal Poison Control.
ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). (n.d.). People foods to avoid feeding your pets (onion/garlic; chocolate/caffeine; alcohol; yeast dough; xylitol; macadamia; avocado; grapes/raisins, etc.).
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Feline Health Center. (n.d.). Feeding your cat: Know the basics of feline nutrition.
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Feline Health Center. (n.d.). Hepatic lipidosis.
FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration). (n.d.). Complete and balanced pet food (AAFCO nutrient profiles/feeding trials; labeling concepts).
Jerzsele, A., Karancsi, Z., Paszti-Gere, E., Sterczer, A., Bersenyi, A., Fodor, K., Szabo, D., & Vajdovich, P. (2018). Effects of p.o. administered xylitol in cats. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 41(3), 409. (Abstract/record)
Merck Veterinary Manual. (n.d.). Feline hepatic lipidosis.
MSD Veterinary Manual. (n.d.). Nutritional requirements of small animals (cats: taurine essential; arachidonic acid; nutrition fundamentals).
Montoya, M., Péron, F., Hookey, T., Morrison, J., German, A. J., Gaillard, V., & Flanagan, J. (2025). Overweight and obese body condition in ∼4.9 million dogs and ∼1.3 million cats seen at primary practices across the USA: Prevalences by life stage from early growth to senior. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 235, 106398.
Pet Nutrition Alliance. (2023). Calculating calories based on pet needs (RER/MER explainer).
Pet Poison Helpline. (n.d.). Xylitol.
USDA FSIS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service). (n.d.). Shell eggs from farm to table (egg safety/cooking to reduce Salmonella risk).
VCA Animal Hospitals. (n.d.). Hepatic lipidosis in cats (fatty liver syndrome in cats).
VCA Animal Hospitals. (n.d.). Vitamin A toxicosis in cats (risk with liver/organ-heavy feeding over time).
WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association). (2020). WSAVA Global Nutrition Committee statement on risks of raw meat-based diets.
WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association). (2020). Feeding instructions and monitoring chart for hospitalized patients (includes %RER feeding concepts).
WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association). (2021). Raw meat based diets for pets (WSAVA Global Nutrition Toolkit).
WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association). (2024). Feeding treats to your cat (v2) (treat calories <10%; caution items).
WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association). (2025). WSAVA guide to treats: Cats (treat calories ≤10%; lactose intolerance note).
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